Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal pumps work by rotating the impeller to cause the water to move centrifugally. Before starting the pump, the pump casing and the suction pipe must be filled with water, and then the motor is started to drive the impeller and the water to rotate at a high speed. The water undergoes centrifugal motion and is thrown to the outer edge of the impeller, and flows through the volute pump casing. The pressure water pipeline flows into the water pump.

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What is a centrifugal pump?

Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. They are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from which it exits.

How does a centrifugal pump work?

Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy in a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped diffuser, or scroll, section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increases the pressure.

Structure of a centrifugal pump

A centrifugal pump consists of a set of components of which some (e.g., shaft, bearing, etc.) are responsible for maintaining the mechanical structure of the pump, and others (impellers and casing) determine the hydraulic function of the pump. The main components are the following:

• Pump body
• Impeller
• Casing
• Sealing Ring
• Static O-ring Seal
• Sealing Gland
• Dynamic Seal
• Bearing Gland
• Bearing
• Shaft
• Oil Seal
• Sealing Gland
• Motor
• Mounting Base