After connecting the wires accurately according to the wiring diagram and powering on, the meter displays the thermocouple graduation firstly and then the range, measure the nixie tube on the lower part of the meter to display the setting temperature, and measure the nixie tube on the upper part of the meter to display the measuring temperature. If the upper nixie tube doesn’t display the temperature of the heating body but the other states such as “OVER”, “0000” or “000”, meaning that the output part of the meter goes wrong, following inspections shall be made:
Remove the thermocouple from the thermocouple output end of the instrument and then short circuit the thermocouple output end of the instrument with a wire. If the temperature showed on the upper nixie tube is close to the room temperature after powering on, meaning that exterior wire connection of the thermocouple disconnects, replace with a same thermocouple. If it keeps a same state as previous, meaning that the output end of the instrument is damaged in transportation, change an instrument please.
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When a new system is used for the first time or the meter, sensor is replaced, calibration must be made before use.
There are two kinds of calibration in general, one is the physical calibration (in this mode, two points needs to be calibrated, namely the zero position and the range), and another is the digital calibration.
Physical calibration is applicable for most weighing systems, and digital calibration is used in the fields when the physical demarcation can't be used. However, digital calibration can't eliminate the errors, its accuracy is related with the sensor’s sensitivity, range and wiring system (four-wire or six-wire), the division value or maximum range setting, as well as the signal loss on the junction box and cable.
The scale division and maximum range shall be set before calibration.
Before calibration, the instrument shall be powered on for at least 15 minutes until the sensors and meters reach the thermal equilibrium state.
1. Please don’t operate the visible spectrophotometer casually when you don’t know its performance deeply, operations shall be carried out under the guidance of operators skilled in the visible spectrophotometer.
2. Pay attention to sunscreen, anti drenching, damp proof and anti vibration. In case the visible spectrophotometer is dampened, put it in a cool and ventilated place, package after drying.
Connector is also called as plug socket, it's widely used in all kinds of electrical circuits to connect or disconnect the circuit. The electrical connector has many types and wide applications, proper selection of circular connector is also an important way to improve the connector reliability.
Electrical parameter requirements
- Rated voltage
Rated voltage is also known as working voltage, it's mainly determined by the insulation materials used by circular connector and the distance between the contact pairs. Some component devices may not be able to perform their functions when using below the rated voltage. - Rated current
Just the same as the rated voltage, the circular connector may not work normally in the current below the rated current. In the design of circular connectors requirements for rated current are met through the thermal design of the circular connector, because the contact pairs will be heated when current passed due to the existence of conductor resistance and contact resistance.
The detection modes of photoelectric sensor are divided into the following categories: opposite type, reflective plate type, polarizing reflective plate type, direct opposite type, wide beam type, focused mode, fixed-field type and adjustable-field type. Ultrasonic sensor includes two detection mode of opposite type and proximity.
Opposite type
Transmitter and receiver of the opposite detection mode are installed in an opposite mode, the light from the transmitter aims at the receiver directly. When the object blocks the beam, output of the sensor changes to indicate that the detected object is detected.
Reflective plate type
In the reflective plate detection mode, a sensor has both transmitter and receiver. The light emitted from the transmitter shines upon the reflective plate, the reflected light returns to the receiver. When the object blocks the beam, the detected object is detected.
What are the general debugging steps of the automatic transfer switch?
- Put the double power on the adjustment table and connect the phase line and neutral line ( zero line).
- For three-pole switch connection, the common and spare zero line need to be connected to zero line terminal (NN and RN).
- After connecting lines, recheck the lines and then turn on the master switch of the commissioning table, turn on the common and standby power supply.
In addition to comprehensive parameter testing and effective screening of relays, proper use of relays is also an effective way to improve the reliability of relays. Conversely, improper use will shorten the life of the relay. How to improve the reliability of the relay? Here are some suggestions for your reference.
- Reasonable selection of the working voltage of the relay
The pull-in voltage of the relay is generally only one-half to two-thirds of its rated working voltage. However, when using the relay, it must work at its rated working voltage, but not the pull-in voltage as the working voltage. This is because, under the condition of the pull-in voltage, although the relay has been operated, the pressure between the moving contacts has not reached the specified value, which will cause the contact resistance between the contacts to be too large, if the contact at high current conditions, when working, it will increase the contact power, which will easily lead to contact ablation and shorten the working life.
Industrial PC is called industrial control computer for full, it is a computer specially designed for industrial control, and is used to monitor and control the machine equipment, production process and data parameters in the production of industrial control computers.
Industrial PC often runs in a bad environment and has higher requirements on the data security, so industrial PC usually has special design, such as reinforcement, dustproof, moisture-proof, anti-corrosion and radiation protection.
Industrial PC also has higher demand for expansibility, the interface design needs to meet specific external devices, so the industrial PC needs to be customized to meet the demand in most cases.
We should know the following clearly on how to choose an industrial PC: which equipment is the industrial PC used; if the communication interface of the industrial PC is sufficient; whether the product quality is up to the standard.
In practical application, after human body intrudes into the range of safety light curtain, besides that safety light curtain needs certain response time, the machine also needs certain braking time. Therefore, to guarantee personal safety of operators, installation position of safety light curtain must meet requirements of safety distance. Otherwise, there is still the possibility of an accident.
Switching power supply (SMPS) is widely used due to its compact size, light weight and high efficiency. But it has its own disadvantage of producing noises, which not only affect the normal operation of the circuit, but also interfere with the neighboring electronic equipment. So how to reduce the noise of SMPS? First of all, we need know where the noise comes from, and then we can eliminate it accordingly.
The noise of switching power supply can be divided into two major categories: one is the interference formed by the internal components of SMPS, and the other is the interference caused by the external factors. There are many sources of noise, such as external interference like lightning, mechanical vibration, poor contact and so on. Besides, improper design of circuit, improper parameter selection of components, unreasonable layout and wiring will also increase the power supply noise.
How to choose a right switching power supply? Six tips will give you a guide of selecting a right SMPS power supply: voltage, power, load characteristics...
How to use a switching power supply properly? To use a SMPS power supply properly and in long service life, some suggestions are made for your reference.
Power line filter is electrical equipment which effectively filters particular frequency point in the power line or the frequency out of the particular frequency point. It is a passive bi-directional network, that is, one end is power supply, and the other end is load. When selecting an EMI power line filter, what should be taken into considerations? Rated voltage, rated current, insertion loss...
How to select a right solid state relay? When selecting solid state relay(SSR), it should be based on the actual application conditions and SSR performance parameters, and especially take into consideration the overcurrent and overvoltage conditions in the use and the load capacity of SSR, which is helpful to achieve the long life time and high reliability of solid state relays. Then, follow the questions and find the detailed answers to choosing a right SSR.
Stepper motors are now widely used in the industrial areas, but from time to time some problems with stepper motors occurs as follows. Aimed to these problems, there are some troubleshooting for your reference.
- How to control the direction of stepper motor?
- When stepper motor generates vibration and noise, how to do it?
- Why the stepper motor doesn’t rotate or move back and forth after it is powered?
- Why the torque of stepper motor is decreasing with the rise in rotational velocity?
- Why stepper motor can run normally at low velocity, but can’t start at certain higher velocity with some noise of whistler?
- How to prevent the power interference of stepper motor?
Stepper motor is an open-loop control motor which transforms electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement. However, there are some errors occuring between the actual angle stepper motor rotates and the theoretical step distance. There are some certain errors from one step to any other step, but the step number of each cycle of the stepper motor is the same. In the case of no step loss, the step error is not accumulated for a long time.
How to prevent step loss with stepper motor as the above mentioned? First of all, we need to know why stepper motor losses step?
- The rotor acceleration is slower than the rotating magnetic field of the stepper motor.
- The average speed of the rotor is higher than the average rotating speed of the stator magnetic field.
- The load inertia of stepper motor is large.
- The stepper motor produces the resonance.
It depends on specific application situation, and to put it in a simple way: Nature of load (for example, vertical load or horizontal load), requirements of torque, inertia, speed, accuracy and acceleration and deceleration, requirements of upper control (such as requirements of port interface and communication), whether major controlling mode is position, torque or speed mode, whether power supply is direct or alternating current power supply, or battery powered, and voltage scope. Based on this, we can determine models of motor and supporting drives or controllers.
As the executive element of mechanical equipment, servo motor is used widely in servo system. When using servo motor, there is a phonomena of overheating when working. As you are not familiar with the principle and structure of servo motor, how to judge whether the heating value is normal or not? And how to reduce the heating value of servo motor?
One of the most significant advantages of stepper motor is that it can be controlled accurately in open loop system because the rotor position can be determined only by tracking the input step pulse, but overheating problem occurs easily in stepper motor, so how to solve this problem if such condition occurs?
In the specific occasion, when the terminal load is stable, the action is simple and the motor basically runs at low speed, it is appropriate to choose the stepper motor with low cost and easily controlling. However, when terminal load fluctuation range is large, action is simple and the motor basically runs at low speed, if still choosing the stepper motor, a series of troubles are coming. In fact, in such situation, servo motor should be chosen, as the comprehensive cost will decline considering many factors.
Using VFD for speed regulating has many advantages. Many small power motors adopt single phase power supply. How to use VFD to regulate speed for single phase motors? ATO will provide the following methods.
