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UV spectrophotometer is a commonly used photometer product. With it, light of different wavelengths can be arbitrarily selected in the ultraviolet-visible region. The instrument has the advantages of stable performance, flexible use, high reliability, and easy maintenance. The UV spectrophotometer needs to be calibrated when in use. The following is the calibration method of the UV spectrophotometer.

Hall sensor can also be called as the Hall encoder. The Hall sensor in the brushless DC motor controller is used to detect the rotation speed of the bldc motor. In some applications, it is necessary to adjust the speed of the brushless DC motor, and to ensure that the bldc motor remains unchanged at a certain speed, so it is necessary to add a Hall sensor that detects the speed for feedback. The brushless DC motor controller will output different control pulse signals according to the detected speed value, and finally achieve the purpose of quickly adjusting the speed of the brushless DC motor.

The pH meter is an important tool for measuring and reacting the pH of the solution, and the pH electrode can realize the function of detecting pH value and output signal by supporting the pH meter. There are various models and products of pH meters. The display mode is also divided into two options: pointer display and digital display. However, no matter how the type of pH meter changes, its working principle is the same. The main body of the pH meter is a precision potentiometer. A pH meter consists of a reference electrode, a glass electrode and itself.

The electric welding machine makes full use of the high-temperature arc generated when the positive and negative poles are short-circuited instantaneously to melt the solder on the welding rod and the material to be welded, so that the contacted objects are combined. Electric welding machines are generally divided into two types according to the type of output power, one is AC power and the other is DC. The welding machine uses the principle of inductance. The inductance will produce huge voltage changes when it is switched on and off. The welding machine makes full use of the high-pressure arc generated when the positive and negative poles are short-circuited instantaneously to melt the solder on the welding rod and the material to be welded, so as to realize atom integration.

If the brushless dc motor without Hall sensor is broken, it cannot be replaced with the brushless dc motor with Hall sensor. The hardware drive circuit of these two motors is different, so is the program code, thus the bldc motors will not work after the replacement. ATO will tell you why.

1. The hardware circuit of a motor with Hall sensor and a motor without Hall sensor is different.

For a three-phase bldc motor, a brushless dc motor with Hall sensors has eight wires: 3 three-phase motor wires, 3 Hall wires, and 2 Hall power wires. There are three Hall chips inside the brushless dc motor with Hall sensor. When the motor is working, the real-time position of the rotor can be displayed to the control board in the form of waveform. Based on the waveform, the position of the rotor and the rhythm to start the brushless dc motor will be determined by the control board.

As one of the most common types of relays, timer relay plays a very important role in the electrical control system. The principle is to complete the control of the line by keeping the input signal for a certain period of time-that is, "delay effect", and then continue to execute the command of the input model. When choosing a timer relay, the most important factors to consider are the delay range, delay type, delay accuracy and working conditions. For sure, some basic factors will not be ignored, such as the selection of rated operating voltage and rated operating current.

Voltage stabilizer is a power supply circuit or power supply device that can automatically adjust the output voltage. Its function is to stabilize the voltage of the power supply that fluctuates greatly and does not meet the requirements of electrical equipment within the set value range. The purpose of voltage stabilizer is to enable various circuits or electrical equipment to work normally under the rated operating voltage.

At the very beginning, the voltage stabilizer stabilized the voltage through the beating of the relay. When the voltage of the grid fluctuates, the automatic correction circuit of the voltage stabilizer will be activated to activate the internal relay and force the output voltage to remain close to the set value. The advantage of this circuit is that the circuit is simple, but the disadvantage is that the voltage regulation accuracy is not high, and every beat and shift of the relay will cause an instantaneous interruption of the power supply and spark interference.

For vibration motors, burning down is a common fault. So why does the vibration motor burn down? How to prevent it? This article will introduce the specific reasons and preventive measures for this, from the 6 points of anchor bolts loosening, installation, eccentric block adjustment, sealing of the protective cover, ambient temperature and heat dissipation.

1. When testing, it is necessary to pay attention to the metal magnetic properties and surface roughness of the standard plate should be similar to the test piece.

2. When measuring with ultrasonic thickness tester, the probe of the ultrasonic thickness gauge must be perpendicular to the surface of the sample.

3. When measuring, pay attention to the critical thickness of the base metal. If it is greater than the critical thickness, the measurement is not affected by the thickness of the base metal.

4. When measuring, pay attention to the influence of the curvature of the test piece on the measurement. Therefore, it is not reliable to measure on the curved surface of the test piece.

5. Before measuring, you need to pay attention to whether other electrical equipment around will generate magnetic field. Because if a magnetic field is generated, it will interfere with the magnetic thickness measurement method.

Pneumatic cylinder is a pneumatic actuator. It can convert air pressure energy into mechanical energy and can do linear reciprocating motion. This article will introduce 3 common failures of pneumatic cylinders and give troubleshooting. The 3 types of failures are: Pneumatic cylinder action has failure or mal-operation. Pneumatic cylinder is unable to drive load when working. Pneumatic cylinder piston slippages or crawls.

Spectrophotometer is also called spectrometer, which is a scientific instrument that decomposes complex light into spectral lines. Using spectrophotometry, the spectrophotometer measures the absorbance of the measured substance at a specific wavelength or within a certain wavelength range to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the substance. The basic principles of different types of spectrophotometers are similar. They all use a light source that can generate multiple wavelengths, through a series of light splitting devices, to form a light source of a specific wavelength. After the light source passes through the test sample, part of the light source is absorbed. Subsequently, by measuring the absorbance of the sample, it can be converted into the concentration of the sample after calculation. The absorbance of the sample is proportional to the concentration of the sample.

Nowadays, many automation equipment manufacturers have begun to pay attention to brushless DC motors. They want to use brushless DC motors to replace induction motors, stepper motors, etc., which have many defects such as low efficiency, high noise, and high power consumption. Recently, ATO has also received many inquiries from new and old customers: Do BLDC motors and brushed DC motors both rotate when powered? Actually not. Brushless DC motors must be equipped with corresponding controllers to rotate. This is determined by the structural principle of the brushless dc motor.

The servo motor can make the speed and position control accuracy become very accurate, and can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. The speed of the servo motor rotor is controlled by the input signal and can react quickly. In automatic control systems, servo motors can be used as actuators. Servo motor has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant and high linearity, and it can convert the received electrical signal into angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft. It can be divided into two categories: DC and AC servo motors. Its main feature is that there is no autorotation when the signal voltage is zero, and the speed decreases at a uniform speed with the increase of torque.

A magnetic stirrer also known as magnetic mixer is a kind of laboratory equipment which is mainly used for stirring or heating stirring in low-viscosity liquid or solid-liquid mixing experiments. A rotating magnetic field is generated under the container plate, and the principle of homosexual repulsion and heterosexual attraction is used to push the magnetic stirring rod in the container to rotate rapidly, thereby achieving the purpose of stirring. The plate usually has a heating function to meet more experimental needs.

Nowadays, the extensive application of plate heat exchangers has greatly improved the efficiency of heat exchange mechanisms, no matter in industry or home. The common applications of plate heat exchangers include but are not limited to: boiler system, home hot water, solar heating, biodiesel fuel, enforced hot wind system, radiant heating, snow melting, etc.

The TDS meter is a kind of water quality tester, which is a small handheld device used to indicate the total dissolved solids in a solution (usually water). Since dissolved ionized solids (such as salts and minerals) increase the conductivity of the solution, the TDS meter can measure the conductivity of the solution and estimate the TDS value based on the measured value. It should be noted that TDS meter does not measure pollutants. Although TDS meter is often used as a water quality testing instrument, it does not directly tell you whether the water is healthy. In fact, some healthy minerals in the water, such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, etc., can cause the TDS meter to suddenly rise. Therefore, using TDS meter for water filters with mineralizers may have the opposite effect to your expectations. Your water may also contain heavy metals such as lead, or other pollutants such as pesticides, drugs, and hexavalent chromium. TDS meter cannot detect these pollutants.

The application of brazed plate heat exchangers in the refrigeration industry is very common. The brazed plate heat exchanger is an efficient and compact heat exchange equipment. In the 1880s, it was successfully developed as a continuous low-temperature sterilizer, and it began to be used in the food industry in the 1920s. Due to the uniqueness of the brazed plate heat exchanger in manufacturing and use, it is widely used in petroleum, chemical, light industry, electric power, metallurgy, machinery, energy and other industrial fields, thus becoming a very competitive variety in the heat exchanger family. In addition, brazed plate heat exchangers are also used in the refrigeration field. Let’s talk about its application and development below.

Servo motor is also called execution motor. Its working principle is similar to that of a two-phase asynchronous motor. However, because it is used as an actuator in a CNC machine tool to convert an AC signal into an angular displacement or angular velocity on the shaft, the speed of the rotor speed is required to reflect the phase of the control signal. It does not rotate when there is no control signal.

Since the two windings on the stator are spaced apart by an electrical angle of 90°, if a symmetrical voltage with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90° electrical angle is applied to the two-phase windings, a circular shape will be generated in the air gap of the motor. Rotating magnetic field. If the amplitude of the two voltages is not equal or the phase is not 90° electrical angle, the generated magnetic field will be an elliptical rotating magnetic field. If the signal applied to the control winding is different, the ellipticity of the generated magnetic field is also different.

Hipot tester, also called dielectric strength tester, is used to carry out the test of applying a specified AC or DC high voltage between the live part and the non-live part of the electric appliance to check the hipot of the insulating material of the electric appliance. In long-term work, electrical appliances must not only bear the effect of rated working voltage, but also bear the effect of overvoltage that is higher than the rated working voltage for a short time during operation(The overvoltage value may be several times higher than the rated working voltage value). Under the action of these voltages, the internal structure of electrical insulating materials will change. When the overvoltage intensity reaches a certain value, it will cause the insulation breakdown of the material. The electrical appliances will not operate normally, and the operator may get an electric shock, endangering personal safety. The main electrical safety test indicators include AC/DC hipot, insulation resistance, leakage current, ground resistance, etc. AC/DC hipot tester is used to test the electrical safety performance of the product under actual working conditions, so it is one of the important instruments for testing the electrical safety performance of the equipment.

The digital clamp meter is a meter used to measure the current of the running electrical circuit. With this instrument, the current can be measured under uninterrupted power conditions. It can be used to measure AC and DC voltage, AC current, resistance, capacitance, diode forward voltage drop, circuit continuity, frequency and duty cycle. The greatest convenience of measuring AC current is that only one wire to be measured is placed in the intersection. Moreover, the measured AC current frequency range can be as wide as 1 kHz. The display of ATO clamp meter is equipped with background light, which is convenient for working under the condition of low light.